Introduction
Superframes is a scheme for frame-semantic annotation of text. Every predicate is assigned a frame, and every argument is assigned a unique role. Superframes annotations can help search corpora for phenomena of interest, enable quantitative cross-lingual comparisons, and support semantic parsing. Superframes aims to be easy to annotate. In particular,
- Superframes does not require a lexicon. Frames are coarse and small enough in number to learn them by heart.
- Superframes is language-independent.
- Superframes ia annotated atop Universal Dependencies, thus delegating many difficult syntax-related decisions to an established framework.
Superframes defines a hierarchy of frames, each of which denotes a relation between two entities:
- SITUATION (situated, situator)
- PROPERTY (has-property, property)
- ASPECT (has-aspect, aspect)
- CLASS (has-class, class)
- EXISTENCE (has-existence, existence)
- MODE (has-mode, mode)
- QUANTITY (has-quantity, quantity)
- SORT (has-sort, sort)
- TRANSITORY-STATE (has-state, state)
- VALUE (has-value, value)
- RELATION (related, relate)
- ACCOMPANIMENT (accompanied, accompanier)
- COMPARISON (comparee, standard)
- CONTRAST (has-contrast, contrast)
- CONCESSION (asserted, conceded)
- SAME (same, same-as)
- CONTRAST (has-contrast, contrast)
- IDENTIFIER (has-identifier, identifier)
- INTERACTION (coactor, actor)
- LOCATION (has-location, location)
- CONTAINMENT (contained, container)
- CONTACT (on-surface, surface)
- ORIENTATION (oriented, landmark)
- WRAPPING-WEARING (wrapper, wearer)
- MESSAGE (topic, message)
- KNOWLEDGE (knowledge-topic, knowledge)
- NORM (norm-topic, norm)
- PERFORMANCE (work, performance)
- RECORD (recorded, record)
- META (participant, scene)
- PART-WHOLE (part, whole)
- PERTINENCE (pertains, pertinent)
- SEQUENCE (follows, followed)
- CAUSATION (result, causer)
- SENDING (sent, sender)
- CONTEXT (has-context, context)
- CONDITION (has-condition, condition)
- EXCEPTION (has-exception, exception)
- CONDITION (has-condition, condition)
- DERIVATION (derived, derived-from)
- MATERIAL (made-of, material)
- REPRODUCTION (reproduction, original)
- EXPERIENCE (experiencer, experienced)
- MEANS (purpose, means)
- OUTCOME (outcome, has-outcome)
- REPLACEMENT (replacement, replaced)
- TIME-SEQUENCE (follows-in-time, followed-in-time)
- CAUSATION (result, causer)
- SOCIAL-ROLE (has-social-role, social-relate)
- GEO-AFFILIATION (geo-affiliated, geo-affiliation)
- GROUP-MEMBERSHIP (member, group)
- POSSESSION-CONTROL (possession, possessor)
- SUBTYPE (subtype, supertype)
- TIME (has-time, time)
- FREQUENCY (has-frequency, frequency)
- PROPERTY (has-property, property)